ABSTRACT
Background: Upper extremity surgeries are recently performed under regional anesthesia. Regional anesthesia of the upper extremity has several advantages over general anesthesia, such as improved postoperative pain, decreased postoperative narcotic consumption, and reduced recovery time. Supraclavicular approach of the brachial plexus block has gained importance for surgical and interventional pain management purposes. Supraclavicular brachial plexus block provides an ideal condition for surgery of the upper limb, maintains hemodynamic stability, decreases postoperative pain and allows for early ambulation. However, the duration of the supraclavicular brachial plexus block is limited by the duration of action of the local anesthetic used in the block
Aim of the Work: The aim of this study is to evaluate whether additional anesthetic effects could be derived from addition of verapamil into local anesthetics injected into brachial plexus sheath
Patients and Methods: This study was a prospective, randomized, controlled, double blind study had been carried out in Matareya Teaching Hospital on 60 adult patients with a physical status ASA I and II classification scheduled for upper limb surgeries for 6 months. Patients were randomly classified using sealed envelopes into two equal groups [group I and group II] each of 30 patients. Group I: 30 patients who received 40 ml of 1% lignocaine [20ml] with 0.25% bupivacaine solution [20ml], Group II: 30 patients who received 40 ml of 1% lignocaine[20ml] with 0.25% bupivacaine solution with 2.5mg verapamil [20ml]
Results: Onset of sensory blockade time was marginally faster in Group II [12 +/-1.8minutes] as compared to Group I [12.6 +/- 1.4 minutes]. However this difference was statistically not significant. The increase in duration of sensory blockade in Group II [209.90 +/- 13.22 minutes] as compared to Group I [183.80 +/- 11.68 minutes] was statistically significant [p < 0.001]. Increase in duration of motor blockade in Group II [172.00 +/- 9.32 minutes] as compared to Group I [168.20 +/- 8.91 minutes] was statistically not significant [p = 0.112]
Conclusion: we conclude that adding 2.5 mg verapamil with 0.25% bupivacaine solution [20ml] with 1% lignocaine [20ml] to brachial plexus block can prolong sensory anesthesia without significant effect on duration of motor block, onset of sensory and motor block
ABSTRACT
Background: Renal involvement is common in Systemic Lupus Erythromatosis [SLE] and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that as many as 90% of patients with SLE will have pathologic evidence of renal involvement on biopsy, but clinically significant nephritis will develop in only 50%. The clinical presentation of lupus nephritis is highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic hematuria and/or proteinuria, to frank nephrotic syndrome, to rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with loss of renal function. Lupus nephritis typically develops within the first 36 months of the disease, although there are exceptions
Aim of the Work: The aim of this work was to study the level of urinary CD4 T cell and monitor the treatment in lupus nephritis patients
Patients and Methods: The ethical approval was obtained from the hospital ethical research committee and each patient participated in the study signed an informed consent. The present study was conducted on seventy-five female subjects, their age ranged from 20 to 40 years. They were divided into 3 groups a- 25 patients knowns as SLE with lupus nephritis, b- 25 SLE patients without lupus nephritis, c-25 normal control subjects. They were recruited from Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation department of Sayed Jalal and Al-Hussein Al-Azhar University Hospitals, during the period from October 2013 to October 2017
Results: Urinary CD4 markedly decreased after treatment of lupus nephritis
Conclusion: Urinary CD4 T-cells marker has a valuable role in detecting LN in SLE patients and has a significant correlation with disease activity index. Significant Positive correlation was found between Cd4 tcell and SLEDAI in before and after treatment. Significant positive correlation was detected with 24hr urine protein, SLEDAI, PGA, while Platelet, ESR and C3 significant and negative correlation in post treatment. Monitoring urinary CD4 T-cells may help to identify treatment responders and treatment failure and enable patient-tailored therapy in the future
ABSTRACT
Background and aim of the study: DM represents an important independent risk factor for the development of and mortality from coronary heart disease [CHD], increasing the risk by 2 to 4 times. According to WHO data, more than 75% of patients with DM die due to vascular accidents. This study investigated the effects of some plants used in Saudi Arabia and some other Arab countries as antidiabetic agents and explores its metabolic effects
Material and Methods: One hundred fifty adult male Albino Rats were divided into six experimental groups each consist of twenty five rats. The first group was considered as a control group. The rest of groups were affected by induction of experimental diabetes by subcutaneous injection of Alloxan. The second group consisted of diabetic rats without any treatment. The third group was treated by the aqueous extract of mixture contains Foenugreek, Nigella sativa and Termis seeds. The fourth group was treated with the aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds [100 mg / kg of body weight], while the fifth group was treated with the aqueous extract of Foenugreek seeds [100 mg / kg of body weight]. The sixth one was treated with the aqueous extract of Termis seeds [100 mg/kg body weight]. After four weeks of treatment, different biochemical parameters were performed including estimation of blood sugar level and serum insulin level. Pancreatic and liver samples were obtained and processed for microscopic and quantitative evaluation after staining the prepared sections with both Heamatoxylin and Eosin as well as special stain for demonstration of the different pancreatic cells in the Islet of the Langerhans
Results: The usage of the mixture or each plant alone corrected the glucose level and insulin level. Microscopically there was definite decrease in the number and diameter of beta pancreatic cells in the diabetic group while the other pancreatic cells were not affected [alpha and delta cells]. The use of medicinal plants in the different groups of this study greatly improved such cellular changes and the level of blood sugar level was corrected. Also, improve dyslipidemia present in diabetic rats. The results showed that the activity of the mixture was better when compared with Nigella, Foenugreek or Termis seeds alone
Conclusions: The water extract of the mixture is the most powerful in amelioration hyperglycemia and most of all damage effects of Alloxan on hematological parameters and lipid profile. Also, it can control most of the metabolic risk factors of CAD in diabetic rats. So it is advised to use the plant mixture as an antidiabetic agent rather than the use of each plant separately. Repeating such study with the use of variable doses may be helpful in better evaluation for the required dose
ABSTRACT
In the current study, thirty male adult albino rats were used to investigate the effect of Boswellia Carterii Birdw [BCB] on carbohydrate metabolism in alloxan-induced diabetes. Rats were divided into three equal groups, control, diabetic non treated and diabetic BCB treated groups. After thirty days of treatment five rats of each group were sacrificed and the others were left without any additional treatment for another 15 days [recovery period] then were sacrificed. The body weight of each rat was determined at the beginning and the end of each period. Blood glucose, serum insulin and liver glycogen were determined for each rat at the end of each period. It was noticed that B.C.B treatment led to a significant improve in the decreased body weight, hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, decreased liver glycogen caused by alloxan. And this improvement was also seen after the recovery period. B.C.B treatment led also to marked improvement in the histopathological degenerative changes in the beta cells of islets of Langerhans caused by alloxan after both the treated and recovery periods
ABSTRACT
In the current study, thirty adult male albino rats were used to investigate the effect of Ferula assafoetida on carbohydrate metabolism in alloxan-induced diabetes. Rats were divided into three equal groups, control, diabetic non-treated and diabetic Ferula assafoetida treated groups. After thirty days of treatment five rats of each group were sacrificed and the others were left without any additional treatment for another 15 days [recovery period] then were sacrificed. Body weight, blood glucose, serum insulin and liver glycogen content levels were determined for each rat at the end of each period. It was noticed that Ferula assafoetida treatment led to a significant improve in hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, decreased liver glycogen and increased percentage of body weight change caused by alloxan. And this improvement was also seen after the recovery period. Ferula assafoetida treatment led also to marked improvement in the histopathological degenerative changes in the beta cells of islets of Langerhans caused by alloxan after both the treated and recovery periods